GEOCard is a complete geological modelling, well log correlation and upscaling package for oil and gas reservoirs which is aimed at geologists and reservoir engineers. It provides all the functionality you need to take your modelling process from the input of well logs and mapped surfaces right through to exporting simulation files to Eclipse and VIP. It also provides a range of visual analysis tools to give you confidence in the accuracy of your model. Geological Data Analysis Well log data may be imported and displayed in GEOCard's active fence diagrams. The interactive display of well logs allows the user to alter the datum of the fence and the log suite displayed instantly. Surface data that has been imported from seismic or mapping programs is also displayed in the plane of the fence as an aid to correlation. Not only is the speed of correlation improved with active fences but the analysis tools exist to check those correlations. Log signatures may be displayed on plan views of the field. Scatter plots and scatter plot matrices may be constructed quickly and easily so that you can be sure of the quality of your correlation. Finally a suite of variogram analysis and modelling tools are available to operate on your raw data so that you can have confidence in your modelling.

Geological Modelling

GEOCard allows you to construct multiple 3D grids within your model in any of the following types:

Regular

A regular orthogonal grid in which the blocks are all the same size though the number of blocks in x, y and z can differ.

Regular Structural

A regular orthogonal grid in plan view but the number of blocks in the z direction and their size can differ as though a regular grid had been distorted vertically by structural and erosional surfaces.

 

Block-Centred

An orthogonal grid in which the block sizes can differ.

 

Radial

A radial grid defined by radius, angle and depth on a cylindrical co-ordinate system.

 

Corner-Point

A grid where the vertices of each cell are explicitly defined.

All grids support hierarchical local-grid refinement.

This support for multiple grids and grid types allows geologists to view the simulation grid and for all geoscientists to be aware of what may be happening to their models before, during and after the upgridding and upscaling of data to simulation scale grids.

GEOCard provides a variety of grid-based deterministic modelling using Kriging techniques and a number of stochastic modelling algorithms such as indicator and Gaussian simulation. Attributes within the grid, which may be thought of as a massive four dimensional spreadsheet (the fourth dimension is used to store multiple realisations in geological grids and time step data in simulation grids), may be analysed visually using histograms and scatter plots. It may be viewed as a spreadsheet and can be manipulated using a powerful expression parser to create new attributes and compute volumetrics.

GEOCard can slice through the geological grid and still view the well logs

As an alternative to grid-based modelling GEOCard provides a number of object-based modelling algorithms which use Boolean techniques. The results of these simulations can be gridded into a geological grid or used as templates to control grid-based simulation and interpolation algorithms.

Upscaling and Upgridding

To get the geological model into a reservoir simulator the geological grid often needs to be coarsened. GEOCard provides upgridding tools to construct a coarser simulation grid from the geological grid. Alternatively GEOCard can read a simulator grid in Eclipse or VIP format.

A variety of algorithms exist in GEOCard to resample or rescale the properties from the geological grid to the simulator grid. This is particularly important for permeability and the range of solutions include rapid approximations, numerical methods and full tensor solutions.

Visualisation

The model may be viewed in 3D and can be animated to show multiple realisations or simulations. Light sources can be moved with the model or remain fixed as the model is rotated. All objects in the model may be displayed as solids, in wireframe or transparently so that you can see right into your dataset. The grids can also be displayed as a vector fields in 3D.

GEOCard provides a number of 2D views of the model. Plan views can be constructed with log traces at the well locations. Well logs can be shown for each well in a scrolling window and active fence diagrams may be displayed and used to perform log correlations. Cross-sections of the grids show locations of wells and optionally display the well logs so that you can directly compare your geological model with the original data.

A suite of graphing options is available throughout the program so that histograms, scatter plots, scatter plot matrices and variograms can be put together rapidly to visually analyse both your original data and the results of any interpolation or simulation.

A dynamic graph with time on the x-axis is available for viewing simulator output data and well production data. The range and scale of the time axis can be altered interactively so that data can be viewed over any period from a decade to a minute.

Interfaces

• Import of GEOLOG ASCII files.
• Import of additional processed well log data from in spreadsheet format.
• Import of log correlations in spreadsheet format.
• Import of Petrosys surface data.
• Import of Zycor surface data.
• Import/export of Vulcan map/surface data.
• Import of Landmark SGM 3.0 .amd files.
• Import/export of ECLIPSE simulation grids.
• Import of ECLIPSE output plot files.
• Import of well production data in spreadsheet format.
• Import of VIP simulation grid and data.

Specifications

There are no hard-coded limits in GEOCard but the internal data structures and memory handling has been optimised to be able to support large fine-scale geological models (20 million cells upward) on a workstation with 1 GB memory.

GEOCard runs on Silicon Graphics workstations under IRIX 6.x, Sun workstations under Solaris 2.6, 7 & 8 and on PC's under Windows 98/Me/NT/2000/XP